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The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), founded in 1906, is the major governing body for intercollegiate athletics in the United States and currently conducts national championships in its sponsored sports , except for the top level of football . Before the NCAA offered a championship for any particular sport , intercollegiate national championships in that sport were determined independently . Although the NCAA sometimes lists these historic championships in its official records , it has not awarded retroactive championship titles.
Prior to NCAA inception of a sport , intercollegiate championships were conducted and usually espoused in advance as competitions for the national championship . Many winners were recognized in contemporary newspapers and other publications as the "national intercollegiate " champions. These are not to be confused with the champions of early 20th-century single-sport alliances of northeastern U S colleges that were named "Intercollegiate League " or "Intercollegiate Association ." These leagues generally included some of the colleges that later became the Ivy League , as well as an assortment of other northeastern universities .
Even after the NCAA began organizing national championships , some non-NCAA organizations conducted their own national championship tournaments , usually as a supplement to the NCAA events . A notable example is that of NCAA Division III men 's volleyball . Although the NCAA Men 's National Collegiate Volleyball Championship , established in 1970, was in theory open to D-III schools , none had received a berth in that tournament. As a result , a separate championship event , open only to D-III schools , was created in 1997. That event was discontinued after its 2011 edition once the NCAA announced it would sponsor an official Division III championship starting in 2012.
The historical championship event outcomes included in the Section 1 list were decided by actual games organized for the purpose of determining a champion on the field of play . Lists of other championships for collegiate athletic organizations are referenced in Sections 2.1 through 2.6 of this list. (See Table of Contents )
Tournament was played at the Chicago World 's Fair and included Virginia, Illinois , Wisconsin , Vanderbilt , Yale , Amherst , Wesleyan and Vermont . [1] William McKinley attended the opening game . [2] It was organized by the Columbian National Inter-Collegiate Baseball Association , notably by its secretary, Amos Alonzo Stagg , then the new head football coach at the University of Chicago . [3]
Basketball [ edit ]
1904 Hiram College won the 1904 Olympic Games collegiate championship tournament, def. Wheaton College , 25-20, and Latter-Day Saints University (later, Brigham Young University ), 25-18. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
1908 Chicago def. Pennsylvania , 2 games to 0 (21-18, 16-15) [10] [11]
Amateur Athletic Union annual United States championship College teams were runners-up in 1915, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1932, and 1934. Four college teams won the championship (final game results): [12]
1920 New York University def. Rutgers , 49-24
1924 Butler (Indiana ) def. Kansas City Athletic Club , 30-26
1920 Pennsylvania def. Chicago , 2 games to 1 (24-28, 29-18, 23-21) [13]
1922 Wabash College (Indiana ) won the first national intercollegiate championship tournament , which was held in Indianapolis . [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] The champions of these conferences participated : Pacific Coast Conference , Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association , Western Pennsylvania League , Illinois Intercollegiate Athletic Conference , Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association and Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association . The Western Conference and Eastern Intercollegiate League declined invitations to participate . [22]
1930 Pittsburgh def. Montana State 37-36 in contest billed as a "championship game " according to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . [23]
1935 Louisiana State def. Pittsburgh , 41-37, in a post-season game (the "American Legion Bowl ") that matched leading teams from the South and the Northeast . [24]
19431945 Red Cross War Benefit Games : [32] [33]
1944 Utah , winner of NCAA tournament , def. NIT champion, St . John 's, 43-36
The first IFA three-weapon trophy was awarded in 1923. However, all three weapons (foil , pe , saber ) were contested in the IFA tournament as early as 1920. [52]
Main article : College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has never conducted a national championship event at the highest level of college football , currently its Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) . Neither has the NCAA ever officially endorsed an FBS national champion . Since 1978, it has held a championship playoff at the next lower level of college play . Prior to 1978, no divisions separated teams , and champions were independently designated by "selectors," composed of individuals and third-party organizations using experts , polls , and mathematical methods. [92] These efforts have continued and thrived for the higher FBS level. From the beginning, the selectors' choices have frequently been at odds with each other. [93] The NCAA has documented both contemporaneous and retroactive choices of several major national selectors in its official NCAA Football Records Book . [92] These selections are often claimed as championships by individual schools .
Gymnastics [ edit ]
1899 No team title. Yale gymnasts won 4 out of 6 individual events , shared a tie for victory in one event and also won the individual all-around . 19 schools participated . [94]
1902 Yale def. 2nd-place Columbia , 16 - 15 [97]
In 1903, the Western Conference instituted an annual conference championship meet. [98] Although early interest was expressed by the Intercollegiate Association in establishing a recognized national championship event with the Western Conference , [99] that interest did not reach fruition. In later years, the University of Chicago , a perennial Western Conference power, participated in several of the annual championship meets of the Intercollegiate Association .
1925 Navy def. Chicago , 33 - 12, in a dual meet between winners of the Intercollegiate and Western Conference championship meets. [103]
"[I]n the twenty year period from 1910 to (the end of 1929) ... Navy has participated in 91 tournaments and dual meets and won 87 of them, including all seven of the intercollegiate championship events entered ." [104] (Those seven events were conference , not national , championships.) Navy was so strong that the Intercollegiate Association asked Navy not to participate in the 1926 championship meet. [105] Navy was not a participant in the 1926, 1927 and 1928 meets.
The first intercollegiate lacrosse tournament was held in 1881 with Harvard beating Princeton in the championship game . New York University and Columbia University also participated . From 1882 through 1970 (excepting 1